Chemicals that are used to kill termites are called termiticides. Termiticides have differing modes of action, and several methods are used to apply them. For many new buildings, creation of a termiticide-treated layer of soil surrounding and under the building form an integrated barrier together with the physical methods described above.

The termiticide is applied to the soil under the slab and around the footings, pipes, conduits and other structures of the house during construction to create a vertical barrier. Further loosened soil around the perimeter of the house, including around all pipes and service facilities, is treated during and after construction to from a horizontal barrier. Timber intended for use in the construction of  houses, outbuildings, fences and other outdoor structures is often treated with chemicals by dipping and pressure or vacuum impregnation.